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PROCESS: Presenting Learning Strategies

The authors: Julie Tollefson, managing editor, KU-Center for Research on Learning, and Jerri Neduchal, SIM Trainer, Orlando, Florida. This article originally appeared in the November/December 1999 issue of Stratenotes, a newsletter for SIM Professional Developers.

During the 1999 International SIM Trainers' Conference, longtime SIM Trainer Jerri Neduchal of Orlando, Florida, shared her knowledge and experience with newer SIM Trainers. Jerri packed her "Process of Presenting Learning Strategies" session full of hints, tips, and activities that provided great ideas for all trainers, regardless of experience level. The session covered every aspect of training, from developing a training outline to options for varying presentation modes to tips for tailoring a training session to fit a time limit. Jerri kicked off the conference session by introducing participants to PROCESS, a mnemonic she developed especially for this occasion. The mnemonic reminds trainers of steps they need to take to ensure a successful outcome to their training efforts:

  • Prepare all training materials (manuals, packets, and transparencies)
  • Refresh your memory of the specific strategy
  • Outline your personal objectives and participant objectives
  • Create a training agenda that includes a balance of direct instruction and participant involvement
  • Establish your credibility by using personal stories related to strategies
  • Solidify the presentation by modeling critical teaching behaviors
  • Self-evaluate and sing "hallelujah" when finished

Prepare all training materials (manuals, packets, and transparencies)

This step encompasses the basics of preparing for a training session: ordering manuals, assembling all of your training materials (including your trainer's guide and overheads), and completing participant packets to be distributed during the training. It also includes making sure you have all of these items with you when you arrive to present a training session.

Beyond that, Jerri said, preparation means taking steps to prepare yourself to be a presenter:

  1. Prepare to be completely flexible. No matter how carefully you plan every aspect of your session, Jerri said, you will always encounter unexpected glitches and unique situations that must be met with flexibility. Being prepared mentally will make a huge difference in how successful you are in handling the unexpected.
  2. Prepare for the presentation by selecting visuals that highlight the points you want to make. Don't carry too many transparencies with you. Be choosy. Don't overwhelm your audience with too many visuals.
  3. Prepare to be sensitive to your audience. Despite thorough preparation and planning, you may need to adjust your training plan to meet differing and unique needs of a specific audience. For example, you may want to deviate from your schedule to assign an activity when you hadn't planned one to recapture participants' lagging attention.
  4. Prepare activities for participants to give yourself mental breaks. In addition to helping your audience stay tuned in to your training session, giving participants activities to work on will give you the time you need to plan your next step, to prepare for questions you know participants will ask, and to react to situations as they arise. Plan for all kinds of activities, ranging from individual to large group participation. Involving participants in the session also helps bring out the volumes of knowledge represented by the people gathered in the room.
  5. Prepare to encounter different styles of learning within your audience. Jerry noted that the key to coping with different learning styles is to prepare a variety of activities, making sure to include auditory and visual components, to involve all participants.
  6. Prepare for humor. If you don't have humor, Jerri said, you don't have your audience, either. "Nobody wants to see you stand up in front of them and cry, so your only alternative is to laugh," she said.
  7. Prepare to maintain a lively teaching face.
  8. Prepare by saying affirmations to yourself. Tell yourself, "I'm ready. Let's do it. I'm going for it." "You have to be your own cheerleader," Jerri said, "especially if you are training by yourself."

Refresh your memory of the specific strategy

Every trainer, regardless of experience level, will benefit from reviewing strategies before training sessions. No matter how many times you've presented a strategy in the past, your presentation will be strengthened if you review it again before you present it, Jerri said.

Jerri also warned new trainers that they will be asked to present training sessions on strategies for which they haven't been trained themselves. It is inevitable and will get easier with time, she said. All learning strategies share the same basic structure in their Stages of Acquisition and Generalization and will therefore likely lend themselves to the same basic training outline.

Outline your personal objectives and participant objectives

Jerri recommends developing two sets of objectives for your training sessions: one set for your participants and another just for you. Your participant objectives may be relatively generic, reflecting the fact that you don't always know everything about your audience. You may know your participants are teachers, for example, without knowing what they teach.

Always review participant objectives with your audience. If you distribute the objectives in the form of a handout, have participants pull out the handout and look at it as you go over it. If you provide the handout without explicitly reviewing it, some participants will not be aware of the objectives.

In contrast to your more generic participant objectives, your presenter objectives will be personal and specific. "You need to know what it is you want to accomplish," Jerri said. The following are examples of personal presenter objectives:

  • Create a sense of partnership
  • Be sure to use critical teaching behaviors

Note that presenter objectives are not affirmations; they are specific actions you plan to take during the training session.

Create a training outline that includes a balance of direct instruction and participant involvement

A training outline is a tool you prepare to guide you through a training session. Although it contains information similar to the session agenda you distribute to participants, it will be more detailed and you are the only one who will see it.

In developing your training outline, consider your target audience. Plan for ways to involve participants in the session, and determine what content you need to present to the people you expect to attend. For example, a group of administrators will require a different kind of presentation than would teachers who plan to use a strategy in their classrooms. Administrators want to hear about the research on which the strategies are based and the results that have been obtained through strategy use. Teachers, in contrast, want to know how they can incorporate the strategies into their work with students for best results.

Establish your credibility by using personal stories related to strategies

"I must be able to talk about myself." Jerri drilled this idea into participants multiple times in discussing trainer credibility. Though difficult, the ability to talk about yourself will set the stage by developing and enhancing your credibility, helping you to gain the confidence of your participants at the beginning of the session. You should start by telling participants a little about yourself, Jerri said. Generally speaking, they need to know that you are a teacher, how long you've been teaching, why you became a SIM Trainer, and how strongly you believe in the Strategic Instruction Model. Without taking these introductory steps, your presentation will be weakened by participants who decide from the outset that you've never been in the classroom and that you don't know what you're talking about.

Likewise, Jerri said, if you don't have personal stories related to strategy instruction, you need to get some.

"You can use other stories from other teachers' classrooms, but you must personalize and tell about your experiences using the strategies," Jerri said. "They need to hear that you have been there, done that."

Solidify the presentation by modeling critical teaching behaviors

A critical teaching behavior is an approach or skill that makes teaching any kind of lesson more effective, more rewarding, and more satisfying. The Center for Research on Learning has produced a video describing these behaviors:

  • Giving rationales
  • Communicating expectations
  • Involving students
  • Providing feedback

Self-evaluate and sing "hallelujah" when finished

The final step is to evaluate and sing "hallelujah" because you have successfully completed your training session. And, Jerri assured the less-experienced trainers in the room, it gets easier every time.

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